Offender Profiling
Offender profiling is the inferring of an offender’s characteristics from his or her crime scene behaviour. For example, a profiler might try to infer a criminal’s age, gender or employment history from the way he or she has behaved during a crime. People who is the criminal can to be from of are chidren, younger, adult or the erderly.
Offender profiling is typically used with crimes, include:
- Where the offender’s identity is unknown and with serious types of crime, such as murder or rape.
- They likely to work on crime series, which are collections of crimes that are thought to have been committed by the same offender.
There is two type of profiling offender :
- Geographical profiling is typically used to identify the likely area of an offender’s residence from the location of the crime. It is about the enviromental of criminal was happened.
- profiling personal characteristics is more com-
- monly associated with offender profiling and is the practice most
- criminal psychology: a beginner’s guide 22
- Profiling personal characteristics is is more commonly associated with offender profiling and is the practice most often portrayed in the media. include demographic characteristics such as an offender’s gender age, ethnicity, educational and employment history.
The assumptions of offender profiling
In addition to assuming consistency across crimes, if it is believed that certain crime scene behaviours are related to certain offender characteristics, then it follows that offenders displaying similar crime scene behaviours should have similar characteristics. This has been termed the ‘homology assumption’.
Juvenile Offenders
- What is a "juvenile offender"?
They are also call a young offender and they are doing something criminal case in the early ages. A juvenile offender is an offender who is too young to be tried as an adult. The age at which a person can be tried as an adult varies between states, but is ordinarily the age of seventeen or eighteen. This age can go down for certain serious offenses, such as homicide or sexual assault. It is also about a drug abuse, or bullying with other people.
- What happens in "juvenile court"?
Sometimes, When a juvenile/younger is charged with a criminal offense and is sent to a juvenile court, the focus is ordinarily on what will rehabilitate the juvenile, rather than on punishment. Often, the offender will be said to have committed a "delinquent act," as opposed to a "criminal offense."
The juvenile court has broad discretion to tailor a sentence to the needs of a young offender. This is not to say that juveniles are not sentenced to prison - many states have large juvenile prisons and treatment facilities. It is understood that some juvenile offenders are very dangerous, despite their age, and that incarceration can be appropriate.
There are different powers, procedures and considerations in relation to children aged from 10 (the age of criminal responsibility 6 to 13 years, and for young persons aged from 14 to 17.
The specific rights afforded to a juvenile offender vary significantly from state to state. In some states, juveniles have the right to trial by jury, while in others they have no such right. Juvenile courts tend to be less formal than adult courts.
Sometimes, the rules of evidence will be more relaxed, and evidence will be heard to judge the juvenile's "delinquency" which would not be allowed at an adult's criminal trial.
A juvenile offender who has committed a serious offense may be waived from juvenile court to adult court. Sometimes this is a discretionary waiver, where the prosecutor files a motion to have the young offender tried as an adult. After a hearing, where evidence is presented for and against a waiver, the judge decides whether the offender should be tried as a juvenile or an adult.
Sometimes, this is a mandatory waiver, where the law requires the young offender to be tried as an adult. Many states have passed laws allowing prosecutors to file adult charges against juveniles for certain serious offenses, without having to apply for a waiver. A juvenile tried in adult court receives all of the rights granted to an adult defendant, including the right to a jury.
- When juvenile enter to jail
For information, the first time when young people doing some criminal case. The police will be to meet their young family and makes a promise and also said to take care their son/daughter. It seem like to be careful and attention to their children. But, it the case will be happened again or the serious case happened, the police will be to bring the case to the court.
Sometimes, if juvenile offender was to be a prisoner in the jail, they need help to a treatment and therapy for make their are to be fine for go back to their enviroment.
Juvenile courts focus on rehabilitation, unlike adult jails and prisons, where criminals are subject to incarceration and much harsher sentences. Today, virtually every juvenile offender who has a past criminal history, or is arrested for a violent crime like rape or murder, is tried in an adult court.
Sexual Offender
Today, it is difficult to explain about the definition of sexual offender. Because there is have a lot of cause and demand that sexual offender going to jail. Sometimes it is because of drug, sexual harasment, or abused.
In pschology of criminal, there are have 2 type of sexual offence
1. The sexually aggressive act, which is a non-consensual act.
2. A breach of a sexual taboo. are sexual behaviours that have taken place between two consenting adults but which are against the law.
- What cause people can to be call sexual offender?
There are caused which sexual offending has been explained. These include:
ü Developmental histories. Studies on this topic compare the childhood and development of sex offenders with non-sexual offenders.
ü Comparisons of adult activity and functioning. Again, these types of studies compare sexual offenders with non-offenders, but they try to find out what it might be in adult functioning that causes sexual offending.
ü Risk prediction studies.there are there aspects of a person’s perception, intuition, thought processes or ability to reason thatmakes them at a higher risk of re-offending than someone else.
ü Descriptive models of the offence process. While the offence is taking place and after the offence.
- What psychology should have be do?
We know that people going to jail cause of this case will be need a treatment or therapy. They are people how is a psychopat in sexual behaviour. They should be going to enter to good behaviour or forget about their past experience. Sometimes, people who is going into sexual offender is victim of sexual harrasment/abuse. So, not just a victim need of treatment, also of offender need it, too.
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